Scale base system



May 7, 1935. w. N. GILBERT SCALE BASE SYSTEM Filed Jan. l5, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet l BY m ATT llMIIIIiIW; i

May 7, 1935. wI N. GILBERT SCALE BASE SYSTEM INVE TOR- ATTORN EY- May 7, 1935- w. N. GILBERT 2,000,168

SCALE BASE SYSTEM l Bv 39 Y 40 x ATTORNEY- Patented May 7, 1935 y n UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE scam BASE snm William N. Gilbert, Hudson Heights, N. J., as-

signor, by meme assignments, to International Business Machines Corporation; New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application January 15, 1932, ySerial No. 586,777

Claims. k((1265-71) f Thiscase relates toequilibrlum machines pelinks 2l and 24. At their upper ends. links 23 cially weighing scales. and 24 respectively carry `v -blocks 2l andA 26 In general. the object of the invention-is to coacting with associated lmife edges 21 and 28 p provide a novel lever system for transmitting secured in the ends of horizontal arms 29 and l forces to a resistant or eounterbalancing mech- 30 of bell levers 3| and 32. The lower ends of 5 anism. the vertical arms 33 and 34 carry knife edges 35 Purtherthe Objectis toprovideaload nimportand 36 the sides of which engage the bearing ting base lever system which will transmit the blocks 31 and 38 pinned to members 39 and 40. y load diil'erentially instead of additlvely to coun- The members 39 and 40 are internally threaded l0 terbalancing mechanism. to receive the threaded ends of tie rod 4I, the l0 Still further, the object is to provide a scale rod being held in adjusted position relative to of the platform type with the levers arranged to members 39 and 40 by nuts 42. be housed in a shallow base. Member 40 of the left hand link unit (as viewed Another object is to obviate the use of heavy in Fig. 1) has a pin 43 at its free end engaged l5 levers ordinarily required for weighing heavy loads With the eye at the end of a rod 44. Similarly, l5 and instead provideasystem of links which opera rod 44 is hooked to a pin 43 carried by the ates to transmit a small fraction of the load to the member 39 of the right hand link unit. Two counterbalancing mechanism. rods 44 at one side of the base are adjustably Various other objects `and advantages of my joined by a tumbuckle 45 and thus connect a 20 inventionwill be obvious from the following parpair of lever or link units at each side of the 20,

ticular description of one form of mechanism base. embodying the invention or from an inspection Fig. 2 shows a'modied connection between a of the accompanying drawings; and the invenpair of lever units on which rods 44 are replaced tion also constitutes certain new and novel feaby cable! "Colmcted by tlirnblikle 4l'. 2B tures of construction and combination of parts To each member 40 of the right hand link umts 25 hereinafter set forth and claimed. is hooked one end of arod 48 which is threaded Inthe drawings: at its other end into a buckle 41 having a knife Pig. l is an elevation of the scale with the base' edge connection with the lower end of an arm in section. 43 similar to the knife edge connection between Pig. 2 is a. detail of atie-rod connection between member 3l and lever 3i shown in Fig. 8. 30 lever imite at the front and back of the base lever Arms 43,v as shownk in `lligs. l, 3, and 6, are system, formed as collars at their upper kends to embrace Fig. 3 is a detail section along line l`3 of the endsofaahaftformedasapipe section 49 Fig, to which they are made fast. The ends of the 38 1113.4 is a line diagram of' one form of the pipe section are provided with disks 50 (see Fig. 35 novel lever unit; 3) having studs 5| enacting with ball bearings 52 Fig.' 5 is a lino diagram of another form of 1n the frame standards I3 to rotatably mount the ever unit shaft 4I `on theY frame.

F18- 3 il P1811 VlGW 0f the M80 Umm W1 Between its ends, shaft 49 has fastened thereto 40 the platform and spider omitted. v e collar u rigid with a horizontes arm es con- 40 s. 'l is a plan detail view 0f a lever or link necesa by draft rod n to intermediate iever s1. unit: yand Lever l1 lin turn is connected by a tape I8 to an agrigi; stgofune giet?? 1S automatic counterbalancng system comprising e wings 4s platform momma on spacer n which nu :uur Isndulums s "nd ummm registering means 4s feet i2, one at each corner. The lower end of Extending oppositerly to arm 55 is an am s. eaohioothasapinIlonwhiohisswiveleda1,mth` n u Armslcm b k v-groovebearingblockilrestingonaknifeedge ase co ar a es a ac le nxed m s factor lever n. A factor lever 1s 18m 52 which is am@ to munten the M one which splits or factors the load or force apdea'd Weight of platform the levers' the pen' 50 plied thereto mt@ gwn im and mamita dulums, and other movable parts and to adjust each division separately. The factor lever Ams the scale to aero position when there is no load at opposite ends knife edges I8 and i9 respecon the platform. f tively seated on v-groove bearing blocks 2li and The theory of operation yof the scale may be n 2| pinned by studs 22 totbelr respeotivevertieal explained in connection with the line diagram 55 (Fig. 4) of a single lever or link unit of the base system.

Let F equal the gravitational force of a load transmitted through one foot I2 to a factor lever Let j equal the force transmitted to link 23.

Let f equal the `force transmitted to link 24.

Let f2 equal the force transmitted vby lever 3| to tie rod 4|.

Let f3 equal the force transmitted by lever :l2

to tie rod 4|.

Let a equal the distance between the point of application of force F on factor. lever and the connection of said factor l'everII'l to link 23.

Let b equal the distance between the point of application of force F and the engagement of factor lever with link 24 Let k equal the proportion of the horizontal arm 29 to the vertical arm 33 of lever 3|. i v

Let lc represent the proportion of thehorizontal arm 30 to the vertical arm 34 of lever 32.

The relations between the various forces may From Equation 8, it is apparent that when b equals a, f2-f3=0.

Equation 8 also brings out the fact that as the difference between a and b increases, the difference between forces f2 and f3 becomes greater and as the difference between a. and b decreases, the difference between f2 and f3 decreases.

Assuming that b equals a and that k is greater than 7c', this condition Vbeing' shown diagrammatically in Fig. 5, Equation 'I becomes ,Fa l (9) fz-fhmk-k) The difference between forces f2 and f'is seen from Equation 9 to depend solely on the difference between k and k.

Where both a and b and k Vand k' are unequal, then the difference between f2 and f3 depends on the differences between a and b and between lc and k'. f

One chief advantage ofthe above system 1s that a large reduction in power between the applied load, force F, and the force transmitted to rod 4| (equal to f2-f3) maybe obtained with small links and without the use of large levers, the power arms of which must be far greater than the load arms to obtain the same reduction in power thus appreciably departing from the ideal condition of a weight beam which is that the opposite arms of a weight beam should be equal. The large reduction in power is obtained according to the present invention as may be apparent from the mathematical explanation by factoring the load into two unequal opposing forces whereas in the usual lever systems, the power reduction is directly proportional to the ratio of the moment arms of the base levers.

Due to the large reduction in power between applied and transmitted load obtained Without detracting from the eiiiciency of the scale, it follows that the balancing force may be correspondingly smaller and accordingly that smaller pendulums or springs may be used.

The four link units, one at each corner, are made alike to transmit the same resultant force fZ-fto the tie rods 4|. The total force acting on shaft 49 isfproportional to the sum of the forces transmitted by each link unit.

To make clear the operation of the scale, the following concrete example may be given. Assume a load of 408 pounds on the platform, and link units according to the scheme of Fig. 4, with b equal to 1%, a equal to 1", and k and k each equal to l". The load F on each link unit will be Repeating Equation 8, derived above, the resultant force acting on a tie rod 4| is Substituting the assumed values,

==pounds=3 pounds Each link unit will transmit 3 pounds to the shaft 49. The four link units will together transmit 12 pounds to shaft 45. The shaft 49 will in turn transmit this force to the draft rod 56 and from there to intermediate lever l, counterbalances 59 and registering means 6U.

While there has been shown and described and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a single modification, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the deviceillustrated and in its operation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is the intention therefore to be `limited only as indicated by the scope of the following claims. '1.In an 'equilibrium machine, a factorlever, a member movable downwardly Aunder the nuence of a load force and connected to a point of said factor lever unequally distant from the ends of the latter to divide the latter into two unequal arms bearing unequal divisions of the force applied bysaid member at said point, a pair of lever elements immovable relatively to each other, each havinga load arm and a power arm with the load arm connected to one of said factor lever arms, said lever elements'being fulcrumed to tend to rock in opposite directionsunder the influence of the force divisions applied thereto by said factor lever, a force counterbalancing device, and operative connections between the device and the power arm of each lever element to influence the device in accordance with the resultant of the forces transmitted by said power arms to the latter connections.

2. In an equilibrium machine, as a subcombination. a member'movable under the influence of a force, a factor lever to which said member is connected at a point unequally distant from the ends to be divided into unequal arms bearing unequal divisions of the force applied by said member. a pair of rockable elements, each having a load arm and a power arm with the load arm connected to one of said factor lever arms, the elements being fulcrumed to tend to rock in opposite directions under the influence of the force divisions applied thereto by said factor lever, and tying means connecting the power arms of said elements to render them relatively immovable and influenced by the resultant of the forces transmitted thereto by said power arms.

3. In an equilibrium machine, as a sub-combination, a member movable under the influence of a force, a factor lever connected to said member at a point unequally distant from the ends of the factor lever whereby the latter divides the force exerted by said member into unequal force divisions acting at the opposite ends of the factor lever, a pair of lever elements, each having a generally horizontal load arm and generally vertical power arm, connections between the opposite ends of the factor lever 'and the load arms for transmitting the force divisions to the lever elements, said elements being arranged to tend to rock in opposite directions under influence of the force subdivisions applied thereto by said factor lever, and a generally horizontal tying means connecting the power arms and influenced by the resultant of the forces transmitted thereto by the power arms.

4. In an equilibrium machine, a member movable downwardly under the influence of a force, a factor lever connected to said member at a point equally distant from the ends thereof to be divided into equal arms, each bearing an equal division of the force applied by said member, a pair of lever elements, each having a load arm and a power arm. the lever ratio of one element determined by the proportion of power arm to load arm being different than the lever ratio of the other element, a connection between the load arm of each element and one arm of the factor lever to be inuenced by the division of force applied thereto by the associated factor lever arm, means for tying said lever elements together to constrain them to move jointly in the same direction about their fulcrums, said lever elements being fulcrumed to tend to rock in opposite directions under the influence of the force divisions applied by said factor lever, a force counterbalancing device, and connections between the power arm of each lever element and the counterbalancing device to influence the latter in accordance with the resultant of the forces transmitted to said latter connections by said power arms.

5. In an equilibrium machine, a member movable under the influence of an applied force, a factor lever connected at an intermediate point to said member to be divided thereby into two parts, a pair of bell crank levers having generally horizontal arms disposed between the fulcrums of the bell crank levers with their free ends directed towards each other, a connection between the free end of one said horizontal arms and one of the parts of said factor lever, a connection between the free end of the other said horizontal arm and the other part of said factor lever, said bell crank levers also having generally vertical arms, means for tying the power ends of said vertical arms to each other to constrain the bell crank levers to move in the same direction about their fulcrums, the effective length of one part of the factor lever and its connected horizontal arm in proportion to the length of the vertical arm associated with the latter horizontal arm being different than the proportion of the effective length of the other part of the factor lever and its connected horizontal arm to the vertical arm associated with the latter horizontal arm whereby said bell crank levers convert the force applied to the factor lever into unequal forces which by reason of the horizontal arms being oppositely directed from their respective fulcrums act at the power ends of the vertical arms in opposing directions to produce a resultant force acting on said tying means to move the latter in one direction.

WILLIAM N. GILBERT. 

